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Jewish Law
Půlpánová, Klára ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Jewish Law Abstract The diploma thesis presents the Jewish law as a juridical system. In the first part it introduces the reader to the concept of halakhah and its content. Then it places the development of the Jewish law in historical context, introducing its evolution from a historical and critical perspective as well as from a traditional halakhic perspective. The thesis divides the Jewish law into biblical and rabbinic law and also captures and further discusses the various characteristics of the Jewish law, which are multivalence, the absence of centralization, the diversity of opinions of halakhic savants and ritual law as a ubiquitous part of legal norms. It also describes the sources of halakhah and presents a selection of the most important literary sources of the Jewish law, together with a brief account of their historical development. One chapter of the thesis is also devoted to rabbinic hermeneutics. The thesis introduces three concepts of hermeneutical rules called midot. The first one is the seven rules of Hillel, the second one are the thirteen rules of Rabbi Yishmael, and the third concept is the thirty-two rules of Rabbi Eliezer. The thesis demonstrates by examples the application of these rules in the exegesis of biblical legal norms, and thereby also illustrates the concept of the Jewish...
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The Ten Commandments (Ex 20 and Dt 5); Exegesis and Placement in the Canonical and Historical Context and Theological Profile
Polcer, Josef ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Sláma, Petr (referee)
This thesis presents the basic exegesis of the Old Testament text in the second book of Moses Chapter 20 and in the fifth book Moses chapter 5. It seeks to inclusion in the historical framework with regard to basic theological accents. For the most part is on the historical-critical approach, which revealed the formation of the text in the course of history and its position in the context of the Old Testament canon. Almost certainly it can be said that the final text of the Ten Commandments is set in the deuteronomistic history that was specific to their linguistic terminology and theological accents. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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The function of the antitheses in the Sermon on the Mount
Janovská, Kristýna ; Lukeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavlík, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis called "The function of the antitheses in the Sermon on the Mount" deals with the analysis of the six Jesus' antitheses, which are part of the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew. The aim of this thesis was to analyze these antitheses in the context of creating the context of the Jewish Christian community which, after 70 AD, was in a certain existential crisis. Evangelist Matthew was probably a Christian from the Jews rather than the Gentiles, which led to his effort to display on Jesus as a Jew a relationship to the Law that does not change and is still up to date. Each antithesis is initiated by reference to the Old Testament commandments or provisions, followed by the interpretation of Jesus, which confirms his authority to the God called the Messiah, who will bring the people out of the slavery of sin. Jesus is the new Moses who puts the provisions of the Old Testament or the commandment into the light of greater justice. My principles for analyzing these opposites were the use of methods and knowledge of modern research along with the narrative method. My endeavor was to show Jesus as the one who respects the Law and fulfills what has been said by the prophets.
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The Ten Commandments (Ex 20 and Dt 5); Exegesis and Placement in the Canonical and Historical Context and Theological Profile
Polcer, Josef ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Sláma, Petr (referee)
This thesis presents the basic exegesis of the Old Testament text in the second book of Moses Chapter 20 and in the fifth book Moses chapter 5. It seeks to inclusion in the historical framework with regard to basic theological accents. For the most part is on the historical-critical approach, which revealed the formation of the text in the course of history and its position in the context of the Old Testament canon. Almost certainly it can be said that the final text of the Ten Commandments is set in the deuteronomistic history that was specific to their linguistic terminology and theological accents. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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Modern Sacral Architecture.
PODROUŽKOVÁ, Petra
The thesis deals with European sacral architecture of the twentieth and the twenty-first century. Particularly, it refers to Judaic, Roman-Catholic and Islamic buildings. The second part puts into historical context the sacral constructions of individual religions including their function, characters and typology. In the third part of this thesis the representative sample of significant modern sacral constructions is selected, always under circumstances regarding their creation, the urban description and the setting in a specific location as well as the architectural layout, the interior arrangment and a possible use of special technological procedures at their construction. The mutual comparison and the evaluation of the modern European sacral architecture development are carried out in the fourth part. This section notices the function and the usage of light and presents some extraordinary buildings from this point of view. The final fifth part tries to answer the question, how a modern temple should look like.
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Historical view of charity and charity activities of Jewish people in Bohemia until 1914
VOJTÍŠEK, Roman
The thesis deals with the history of charity itself and charity of Jewish people in Bohemia from their approach until 1914. The first chapter describes the approach in a longer historical context from the very beginning through the Middle Ages to the Early modern period, and the laws and regulations which influenced their lives. The second chapter defines interrelation of the Jewish religion and the provision of charity. Activities of the clubs and individuals in terms of maintaining and building synagogues together with providing charity are presented in the third chapter. It shows the main activities and approaches of individual clubs, associations and people to social problem solving. The chapter also introduces clubs that are relatively unknown and explains their activities. The fourth chapter entirely focuses on the description and activity of the club of Chevra Kadisha. It describes the origins and contents of its activity and it also deals with the dignity of the act during funerals and activities associated with it.
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Jesus in the Jewish tradition
GOLDSTEIN, Elena
This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is focused on three resources - Christian, pagan and Jewish, which prove historicity of Jesus. In the second part, genealogies of New Testament with Jewish view in frame of prophets? quotes are compared, related to Messiah, including separated rabbinic tract Toledot Yeshu. The third part tells about Jesus's teachings, especially about his attitude to Torah, and about Jesus's miracles.
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